Absolute weight of growth, survival, FCR, and water quality data (temperature, salinity, pH, O2, NO2, NH3) were analyzed by analysis of variance (F test) and descriptive analysis. T1 (15 individuals of white shrimp per m² and 15 individuals of milkfish per m²), T2 (30 individuals of white shrimp and 15 individuals of milkfish per m²), T3 (15 individuals of white shrimp and 30 indviduals of milkfish per m²), T4 (30 individuals of white shrimp per m² and 30 indviduals of milkfish per m²). Completely Randomized Design was used with four treatments and three replications, i.e. The material in this study was white shrimp with initial weight of (1.25 ± 0.025) g and milkfish of (3.25 ± 0.075) g, respectively and artificial feed containing 35 % of protein enriched with vitamin C (3 % biomass d–1). The objective of this research was to investigate growth and survival of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and milkfish (Chanos chanos) in the application of innovative polyculture technology. An appendix summarizes the current taxonomic position and nomenclature of the species mentioned in the text. The final chapter looks at seaweed mariculture covering the culture of Porphyra, Laminaria, Undaria, Eucheuma, and Kappaphycus. Chapters six, seven and eight explore temperature and salinity, water motion, and pollution, respectively. Chapter four looks at light and photosynthesis and chapter five reviews nutrients (requirements, availability, pathways and barriers, uptake kinetics, assimilation, translocation). Next, biotic interactions are covered: competition, grazing, and symbiosis. The second chapter comprises six guest essays authored by senior algal ecologists looking at seaweed communities: rocky intertidal zone tropical reefs kelp forests seaweeds in estuaries and salt marshes seagrass beds as habitats for algae and the Arctic subtidal. The introductory chapter reviews seaweed morphology, life histories and morphogenesis, serving as an encapsulation of structure and reproduction and providing a background reference for the subsequent chapters. Duncan's 1985 textbook (and review of the primary literature), The physiological ecology of seaweeds. This book is a rewritten edition of the authors' and M.J.
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